01

Design department

N-1
Meter needles and running dashes: loading and power flow220 kV breakers: take one element out to test N-14 35 kV feeders of 5 turbines: the automation trips themA typical scheme with typical values, not a specific project: a 100 MW wind farm (20 × 5 MW) on 4 35 kV cable feeders, a 220/35 kV substation with two 63 MVA transformers and a 30 km double-circuit 220 kV overhead line (АС-240/32 conductor). The N-1 criterion: with any one element out, the rest must stay within their ratings. At full output the transformers run at 84 %; with one out, the other runs at 167 %, so the emergency automation (EA) trips 2 feeders. One line circuit carries the full output (46 %), but its losses double: 0.4 → 0.8 MW. Meters on the desk, left to right: T1, T2, OHL1, OHL2.

Power system studies in specialized software, as well as detailed modeling in PowerFactory DIgSILENT

  • Load flow calculations for power systems of all voltage classes
  • Integration of RES and ESS into power systems
  • Calculations for connecting loads and generation
  • Design of relay protection, automation and emergency automation systems
  • WAMS/WACS, Smart Grid, Demand Response.

Techno-economic assessment of energy projects (feasibility studies, techno-economic studies, design and estimate documentation, working projects)

  • Reinforcement of power systems of all voltage classes, design of high-voltage transmission lines and substations
  • Construction of solar and wind power plants, including energy storage systems
  • Construction of industrial facilities and factories.

02

Wind and solar monitoring department

N
Anemometer cups: turn with the wind speed at their own heightVanes at 112 and 78 m and the compass mark: where the wind blows fromLogger at the foot: one sample a second, a 10-minute averageA 115 m mast with sensors from 10 to 115 m. Wind speed grows with height by a power law (α = 1/7), so the upper cups turn faster than the lower ones. The logger reads every sensor once a second and stores 10-minute averages; 12–18 months of them become the Bankable Report. The reading at the bottom right is at 100 m: speed, direction and the average of the current 10-minute interval. The model runs 20× faster than real time, with 12 % turbulence.

Wind and solar monitoring

Wind and solar monitoring is performed to assess the potential of wind resources and solar radiation at the selected site.

The purpose of wind monitoring is to determine the expected electricity generation and the investment attractiveness of the project in the region. To carry out measurements, measuring systems are installed — met masts or alternative measuring systems (LiDAR). The type and configuration of the equipment depend on the purpose of the study and the parameters of the planned wind farm.

Solar monitoring is carried out using ground-based solar radiation measurement systems, which are required to assess the performance of solar power plants.

Measurements are carried out continuously for 12 months (up to 18 months if necessary) to obtain representative statistics.

At the end of the measurement campaign, the data is processed and verified, after which a Bankable Report is prepared.

Wind monitoring and solar resources

  • Supply and installation of a met mast in accordance with IEC 61400-12-1
  • Supply and installation of meteorological measuring equipment and data loggers, including commissioning
  • Supply, installation and commissioning of LiDAR
  • Organization of data storage, monitoring and collection
  • Bankable Report based on wind measurement data
  • Annual energy production and optimal layout calculations in WindPro and PVsyst
  • Supply and installation of solar radiation measurement systems
  • Analytical report based on solar radiation measurement data.

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